The shape of the feet, being twisted together, indicates the presence of rigor mortis. This would permit one foot to be rotated to allow the man to push up and down to breathe while crucified. Also, two nails were evidently placed through one foot with only one of the nails through the other foot. Scourge marks are visible down the body consistent with two Roman flagra (scourge whip) containing dumbbell shaped weights on the ends of three straps, along with a flow of blood and clear blood serum and clear watery fluid from the pleural cavity that drained from the side wound and ran across the small of the man’s back. The dorsal image in Figure 2 shows puncture wounds in the scalp and abrasions on the shoulders consistent with carrying a rough heavy object. This indicates the Shroud is probably from the first century.
PICTURE OF JESUS SHROUD OF TURIN PROFESSIONAL
wide side strip sewn onto the main Shroud using a unique professional stitch most similar to a stitch on a cloth from Masada, which was destroyed in 73–74 AD. About 120 scourge marks are visible as well as abrasions on the nose and one knee, suggesting the man had one or more falls. The front image also shows blood that ran down the arms from the wrist wounds, with two angles of the blood flow consistent with a man pushing up and down on the cross to breathe. Thus, in both respects (location of the nail wound and no thumbs visible), the image indicates it was not made in the Middle Ages, contrary to the 1260–1390 AD carbon dating of the Shroud. All the nerves from the fingers and the thumb connect into this nerve, so that crushing it would have forced the thumb to collapse into the palm. When the nail was forced through the wrist at that location, it would have crushed the nerve that passes through that location. The image does not show the thumbs, also contrary to paintings of the Middle Ages. We now know a nail through the palm would not support sufficient weight because it would have no bones above it. The front image shows a nail wound through the wrist, contrary to paintings in the Middle Ages depicting crucifixion, which had the nails going through the palm. The back (or dorsal) image is on the right, with the head toward the left and the feet on the right. The front image is on the left with head, arms, torso, and legs visible. The images of the crucified man can be seen between the scorch marks. Also shown are water stains resulting from water thrown onto the box containing the Shroud after the fire and 16 patches used to repair one burned corner of the Shroud, as it was folded in the box. It shows two long scorch marks caused by a fire in 1532 when it was in Chambery, France. In Figure 1, the top image shows the Shroud as it would normally be seen. This claim is supported by the full-size front and dorsal (back) images of a man who was crucified exactly as Jesus was crucified according to the Gospels in the New Testament, yet extensive testing in 1978 indicated these images are not due to pigment, scorch, liquid, or photography. Many people regard this cloth to be a holy relic because ancient tradition has long claimed it to be the authentic burial cloth of Jesus Christ. It is about as thick as a T-shirt (about 0.35 mm) and is very pliable. The Shroud is a linen cloth about 14 ft 4 in. Thus, the Shroud of Turin refers to a particular burial cloth that has been in Turin, Italy, since 1578. Turin, also called Torino, is a city in northwestern Italy. What Is the Shroud of Turin?Ī shroud is a piece of cloth in which a person is buried. The purpose of this article is to encourage the development of a program for future testing of the Shroud. It also includes the author’s hypothesis to explain the main mysteries of the Shroud. This article provides an overview of the Shroud, including its images, history, materials, and previous testing. That is now starting to change due to four recent papers on statistical analysis published in peer-reviewed journals. In the 1980s, the Shroud was briefly headline news around the world, but for reasons that will be discussed later, the Shroud has received little media attention for the last three decades. The June 1980 edition of National Geographic included a 24-page article with a four-page foldout of the Shroud. It has been featured on the cover of US News and World Report (1 March 2002) and Time magazine (20 April 1998). The Shroud of Turin is one of the most mysterious and potentially significant items in human possession. How was this image formed? When was it made? Who made it? Is this an image of a real person? Could this be an image of the man known as Jesus Christ? Could this be the authentic burial cloth of Jesus? These are just a few of the questions that arise. In 1931, a professional photographer named Giuseppe Enri pointed his camera at a piece of cloth called the Shroud of Turin and took the picture shown.
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